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The EFZ\ncaptures the natural, historical estuarine extent and should not be confused with\nsetback/management lines that often exclude developed areas. The EFZ purpose is to identify\nthe \u2018space\u2019 in which estuarine physical and biological functions take place over long time scales\n(>decades). Development in the EFZ is captured as an aspect of habitat degradation or decline\nin overall estuary condition.\nThe upstream boundary of the estuaries was determined as the limits of tidal variation or\nsalinity penetration, whichever penetrates furthest. The estuary mouth was taken as the\ndownstream boundary of an estuary. The highly dynamic nature of this area presents a\nsignificant challenge to accessing change in biodiversity and even managing estuaries. To\naccount for this, and to allow for a seamless integration with the Marine and Coastal Realm, the\nconcept of \u2018Estuarine Shore\u2019 was introduced to reflect the dynamic nature of the interface\nbetween estuaries and the coast. Estuarine Shores refers to sand berms or bars that form in\nfront of estuaries. They vary substantially in size and shape over decadal scales and can be\ncompletely absent during a flood or a near permanent feature during periods of low flow.\nEstuarine Shore was defined as the area from the base of the foredune, or where this line\nwould be if dunes were present, to the back of the surf zone. The full extent of the Estuarine\nShore is encapsulated in the EFZs and not be considered separate from the functional unit. 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